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VoIP White Paper
300 Main Street • East Rochester, NY 14445 • Toll Free 1-866-ALLWORX • 585-421-3850 • www.allworx.com
© 2006 InSciTek Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved. Allworx is a registered trademark of InSciTek Microsystems. All other names may be
trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners.
Revised: February 8, 2007
Page i
Table of Contents
1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................................1
2 What Does VoIP Really Mean Anyway?.......................................................................................................2
3 Allworx VoIP Features ..................................................................................................................................3
4 SIP Protocol and VoIP ..................................................................................................................................4
5 Echo in VoIP Networks .................................................................................................................................6
5.1 Where does the echo come from?........................................................................................................6
5.2 The need for Line Echo Cancellers in VoIP ..........................................................................................7
5.3 If VoIP systems have an LEC and the PSTN has NECs, why do we still hear echo at times?.............7
5.4 Shouldn’t a VoIP gateway then have both an LEC and an NEC?.........................................................7
6 Conclusions ..................................................................................................................................................9
7 Bandwidth Calculations...............................................................................................................................10
7.1 Codec Support Matrix .........................................................................................................................10
7.2 Capacity Planning ...............................................................................................................................12
7.3 SIP Protocol and NAT Firewalls..........................................................................................................12
8 Allworx Solves the SIP NAT Problem .........................................................................................................14
9 Allworx Solves the SIP NAT Problem .........................................................................................................15
10 QoS across a WAN.................................................................................................................................16
11 Key System Feature – Allworx BLF Protocol ..........................................................................................18
11.1 ABLF Protocol Background.................................................................................................................18
11.2 ABLF Protocol Operation ....................................................................................................................18
11.3 Troubleshooting ABLF ........................................................................................................................19
12 Remote Office Phones............................................................................................................................20
13 Zoned Paging..........................................................................................................................................22
14 Common Problems and Tips ..................................................................................................................23
14.1 One-way audio....................................................................................................................................23
14.2 Intermittent connectivity or devices dropping off the network .............................................................23
14.3 Common MAC address on LAN and WAN ports of a router or firewall...............................................23
14.4 DTMF digits not passed during live calls.............................................................................................24
14.5 Music On-Hold sound quality is poor ..................................................................................................24
14.6 Calling Auto Attendant ........................................................................................................................24
14.7 Mapping ports through remote phone firewalls...................................................................................25
15 Glossary..................................................................................................................................................26
- Allworx 1
- VoIP White Paper 1
- Table of Contents 3
- 1 Introduction 4
- 3 Allworx VoIP Features 6
- 4 SIP Protocol and VoIP 7
- 5 Echo in VoIP Networks 9
- 6 Conclusions 12
- 7 Bandwidth Calculations 13
- 7.2 Capacity Planning 15
- 10 QoS across a WAN 19
- 11.3 Troubleshooting ABLF 22
- 12 Remote Office Phones 23
- 13 Zoned Paging 25
- 14 Common Problems and Tips 26
- 14.6 Calling Auto Attendant 27
- 15 Glossary 29
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